Elsewhere, the remains of high walls are localised in the southwest of Burkina Faso (as well as in the Côte d'Ivoire), but the people who built them have not yet been definitely identified.īurkina Faso was a very important economic region for the Songhai Empire during the 15th and 16th centuries. They left the area between the 15th and 16th centuries BC to settle in the cliffs of Bandiagara.
Relics of the Dogon are found in the centre-north, north and north west region. The use of iron, ceramics and polished stone developed between 15 BC, as well as a preoccupation with spiritual matters, as shown by the burial remains which have been discovered. Settlements appeared between 36 BC with farmers, the traces of whose structures leave the impression of relatively permanent buildings. Like all of the west of Africa, Burkina Faso was populated early, notably by hunter-gatherers in the northwestern part of the country (12,000 to 5000 BC), and whose tools (scrapers, chisels and arrowheads) were discovered in 1973. The inhabitants of Burkina Faso are known as Burkinabè or Burkinabé ( pronounced ). Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate south every year to Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana in search of paid labour. Governmental instability during the 1970s and 1980s was followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Formerly the Republic of Upper Volta, it was renamed on Augby President Thomas Sankara to mean "the land of upright people" (or "upright land") in Mossi and Dioula, the major native languages of the country. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the south west. The 1960 constitution provided for election by universal suffrage of a president and a national assembly for five year terms however, soon after coming to power, Yaméogo banned all political parties other than the UDV.1 The data here is an estimation for the year 2005 produced by the International Monetary Fund in April 2005.īurkina Faso is a landlocked nation in West Africa. The first president, Maurice Yaméogo, was the leader of the Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV). Upper Volta achieved independence on 5 August 1960. Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French community on 11 December 1958. This act was followed by reorganisational measures approved by the French parliament early in 1957 that ensured a large degree of self-government for individual territories. Ī revision in the organisation of French overseas territories began with the passage of the Basic Law (Loi Cadre) of 23 July 1956. Violating these regulations could land parents in jail. For example, African children were not allowed to ride bicycles or pick fruit from trees, "privileges" reserved for the children of colonists. The indigenous population is highly discriminated against. After World War II, the Mossi renewed their pressure for separate territorial status and on 4 September 1947, Upper Volta became a French West African territory again in its own right. In 1932, the new colony was dismembered in a move to economise it was reconstituted in 1937 as an administrative division called the Upper Coast. In 1919, certain provinces from Upper Senegal and Niger were united into a separate colony called the Upper Volta in the French West Africa federation.
When the French arrived and claimed the area in 1896, Mossi resistance ended with the capture of their capital at Ouagadougou. For centuries, the Mossi peasant was both farmer and soldier, and the Mossi people were able to defend their religious beliefs and social structure against forcible attempts to convert them to Islam by Muslims from the northwest. Until the end of the 19th century, the history of Upper Volta was dominated by the empire-building Mossi/ Mossi Kingdoms, who are believed to have come up to their present location from present-day Northern Ghana. Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa at a dispensary in Toma, 1920s
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